Abstract
AbstractSteam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation‐solvent extraction (SDE), and supercritical (CO2) extraction (SFE) were used to isolate volatile secondary metabolites from fresh, totally mature flowers of Colombian ylang‐ylang (Cananga odorata). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography (DB‐1, DBWAX, 60 m columns) using FID, NPD or MSD (EI, 70 eV). Kováts indexes, mass spectra, or standard substances were employed for compound identification. 51, 70, and 73 compounds at concentrations above 100 ppb were detected in the SD, SDE, and SFE extracts, respectively. The main constituents of these extracts were linalool (20.7, 28.0, and 16.5%), germacrene‐D (10.1, 3.1, and 20.3%) benzyl benzoate (14.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), benzyl acetate (9.6, 17.0, and 6.2%), caryophyllene (3.1, 2.9, and 3.9%), and p‐methylanisole (6.8, 6.1, and 2.7%). 85% of the composition of SDE extracts was represented by oxygenated compounds. Heavy hydrocarbons (Cn >20) and fatty acids were found only in the SFE extracts, which also had a higher content of nitrogenated compounds (phenylacetonitrile, 4‐methylbenzaldoxime, indole, 2‐phenyl‐nitroethane, and methyl anthranilate) and sesquiterpenes (43% vs 19.5% in SD and 8.1% in SDE) and 1.5 – 2 times lower concentration of monoterpenes and light oxygenated compounds than the SD (49.7%) and SDE (64.5%) extracts.
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