HR-LCMS Analysis and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia L.

Abstract

Momordica charantia L. (Bitter melon) has been used to treat hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in many parts of the world. The present study revealed antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of M. charantia L. (named as EMC). The ethanolic extract of leaves were prepared and phytochemical constituents were identified using liquid chromatography linked with mass spectrophotometry. LCMS study indicates the presence of phenolic compound (m-hydroxy benzoic acid, octyl gallate, 3-hydroxycoumarin), triterpenoids (momordicin II, momordicoside E and momordicoside K), saponin E and fatty acids were the major constituents in EMC. Whereas, Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats model was used to evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity of EMC at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w. or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, b.w.). The plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL level, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride, fecal cholesterol and triglycerides level were checked. Triton X-100 significantly (P < 0.01) increased the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL with a concomitant reduction in HDL cholesterol. These alterations were ameliorated by EMC at dose dependant manner. EMC (200 mg/kg, b.w) showed significant (P < 0.01) reduction in lipid level among three doses of extracts in comparison with the standard drug atorvastatin. Overall results findings suggest that bitter melon may have potential to use as supplementary ingredient for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and related conditions.