Abstract
AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the main cause is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV vaccines have had dramatic impacts on the prevalence of targeted HPV types (6,11,16 and 18), genital warts and precancerous cervical lesions. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed the safety of HPV vaccines after >250 million doses were administered worldwide. WHO approved the two-dose-schedule of HPV vaccines in females younger than 15 years of age, with ≥6 month intervals. Extension of vaccination to men could further reduce the population prevalence of HPV and provide direct protection of men against genital warts and anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. The nine-valent HPV vaccine has demonstrated equivalent protection against the four types in the quadrivalent vaccine and high efficacy against the next five commonest causes of cervical cancer (HPV types 31,33,45,52 and 58). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends the nine-valent vaccine and it has been approved by the FDA in 2014 for both genders between 11–12 years of age.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the main cause is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Nine-valent HPV vaccine As already mentioned, quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines have protection against specific HPV types that are responsible for the development of approximately 70% of all cervical cancers
Joura et al randomized more than 14,000 females between 16 and 26 years to quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines in a phase III trial in which the primary endpoints were rates of HPV infection and intraepithelial neoplasia [37]
Summary
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the main cause is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The efficacy of both vaccines was found 96-100% in terms of preventing HPV 16 and 18-related CIN, carcinoma in situ and cervical cancer Antibody titers for both vaccines were measured significantly higher than those achieved with natural HPV infection. Nine-valent HPV vaccine As already mentioned, quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines have protection against specific HPV types that are responsible for the development of approximately 70% of all cervical cancers. Joura et al randomized more than 14,000 females between 16 and 26 years to quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines in a phase III trial in which the primary endpoints were rates of HPV infection and intraepithelial neoplasia [37] Both vaccines were administered as three doses at months 0, 2 and 6. HPV: Human Papilloma Virus, CIN: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ, VIN: Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, VaIN: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, PIN: Penile intraepithelial neoplasia, AIN: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia
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