Abstract
BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause various cancers and can be prevented through vaccination. The American Cancer Society (ACS) has set an HPV vaccination completion target in 13-year-old children to 80% by 2026. While HPV vaccine coverage (proportion ever vaccinated) estimates are available, annual uptakes (proportion initiating vaccine in a year) in the United States (U.S.) are not well-known.MethodsWe analyzed MarketScan® claims database to assess HPV vaccination uptakes in the U.S. among the 9- to 26-year-olds in 2006–2016. The annual uptake was the ratio of the number of enrollees who had a first record of an HPV vaccine during the year, and the number of enrollees of similar age and sex that year.ResultsUptake was below 1% among children turning 9 and 10 years old during the year. Since 2009 among female and since 2013 among males, the annual uptake has been the highest in those turning 13 years old (19.7% among females and 17.6% among males in 2016). Catch-up vaccination among older adolescents and young adults increased after Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, but eventually slowed down as more younger persons were vaccinated. Most young adolescents were vaccinated by pediatricians, whereas young adult women were predominantly vaccinated by obstetricians/gynecologists and young adult males by family physicians. While only about half of the adolescents had well-check visits, the majority of those who initiated HPV vaccination had one the same year.ConclusionContinued increase in uptake is needed to reach the ACS 2026 goals.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause various cancers and can be prevented through vaccination
Throughout the study period, the uptake was below 1% among children turning 9 and 10 years old during the year, while it increased gradually in adolescents turning 12 to 14 years old, reaching 19.7% of females and 17.6% of males among those turning 13 years old in 2016
We found that the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) vaccine recommendations directly impact HPV vaccination uptake in the population
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause various cancers and can be prevented through vaccination. Recent data indicate that approximately 14 million persons are newly infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) each year in the United States (U.S.), and approximately 79 million persons are currently infected [1]. The 4vHPV was licensed to protect against diseases caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, for females in 2006, and for males in 2009 [6]. The 2vHPV vaccine covering types 16 and 18 became available in 2009 for females only [7]. The 4vHPV was the most commonly administered HPV vaccine in the U.S until the 9vHPV vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 was approved for use in both males and females in December 2014 [6]. Since the beginning of 2017, 9vHPV has been the only HPV vaccine available in the U.S [8]
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