Abstract
BackgroundReported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in England is high, particularly in girls offered routine immunisation at age 12 years. Serological surveillance can be used to validate reported coverage and explore variations within it and changes in serological markers over time.MethodsResidual serum specimens collected from females aged 15–19 years in 2010–2011 were tested for anti-HPV16 and HPV18 IgG by ELISA. Based on these results, females were classified as follows: seronegative, probable natural infection, probable vaccine-induced seropositivity, or possible natural infection/possible vaccine-induced seropositivity. The proportion of females with vaccine-induced seropositivity was compared to the reported vaccination coverage.ResultsOf 2146 specimens tested, 1380 (64%) were seropositive for both types HPV16 and HPV18 and 159 (7.4%) positive for only one HPV type. The IgG concentrations were far higher for those positive for both HPV types than those positive for only one HPV type. 1320 (62%) females were considered to have probable vaccine-induced seropositivity. Among vaccine-induced seropositives, antibody concentrations declined with increasing age at vaccination and increasing time since vaccination.ConclusionsThe proportion of females with vaccine-induced seropositivity was closest to the reported 3-dose coverage in those offered the vaccination at younger ages, with a greater discrepancy in the older females. This suggests either some under-reporting of immunisations of older females and/or that partial vaccination (i.e. one- or two-doses) has provided high antibody responses in 13–17 year olds.
Highlights
A national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme was introduced throughout the UK in September 2008 with routine vaccination offered to all girls aged 12–13 years and a catch-up programme in the first two years offering the vaccination to all girls up to the age of 18 years
The proportion of females with vaccine-induced seropositivity was closest to the reported 3dose coverage in those offered the vaccination at younger ages, with a greater discrepancy in the older females
A national HPV immunisation programme was introduced throughout the UK in September 2008 with routine vaccination offered to all girls aged 12–13 years and a catch-up programme in the first two years offering the vaccination to all girls up to the age of 18 years
Summary
A national HPV immunisation programme was introduced throughout the UK in September 2008 with routine vaccination offered to all girls aged 12–13 years and a catch-up programme in the first two years offering the vaccination to all girls up to the age of 18 years. From 2008 to 2011, the bivalent vaccine was offered with a change in September 2012 to the quadrivalent vaccine. HPV vaccination is offered free of charge to all girls. Reported vaccination coverage has been high with over 80% of girls in the routine cohorts completing the three dose schedule [1,2,3,4]. Reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in England is high, in girls offered routine immunisation at age 12 years. Serological surveillance can be used to validate reported coverage and explore variations within it and changes in serological markers over time
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