Abstract
Medicinal plants are potential source of antimicrobial agents, used traditionally to treat various human microbial infections worldwide. The present study was aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn. leaf extracts against secondary bacterial pathogens of dermatophytosis such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the presence of phytocompounds through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) method of the potential extract. The leaf extracts of the selected plants were tested for antibacterial potentiality using disc diffusion method and gentamicin (10µg/disc) was used as positive control. The results revealed that the positive control had more inhibitory effect than the solvent extracts used. Comparatively, acetone extract of M. azedarach leaves was more effective against two test pathogens, S. aureus (12.93±0.65 mm) at 150 µl/disc and P. aeruginosa (11.5±0.10 mm) at 100 µl/disc concentration with significant difference of p≤0.05 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The varying degree of extract concentrations has a greater influence in the inhibitory effect against test pathogens. The different Rf values, maximum percentage concentration, area percentage of polyvalent chemical constituents was recorded in HPTLC profiling of acetone leaf extract, where the maximum percentage concentration was found to be 14.07% at 0.09 Rf. The HPTLC studies has confirmed that the compounds present in the acetone extract might be responsible for the inhibitory effect against the bacterial pathogens and are more soluble in semi-polar solvent. Therefore, the present investigation forms the basis as preliminary study of antibacterial efficacy of M. azedarach leaf extracts and phytocompound HPTLC profiling of potential extract, which could be used for quality evaluation of compound and standardisation of drug in future work.
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