Abstract
Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (MS) i.e. GC-MS and LC-MS give reliable and confirmatory results in drugs identification. In the present work the novel hyphenated technique High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPTLC-MS) has been used. This technique provides efficient, quick and simple method for identification and separation of Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The drugs under study are Papaverine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffeine, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine. The present study comprising of sixteen drugs has been carried out on CAMAG HPTLC instrument with automatic sampling. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates were developed in various solvent systems, scanned under TLC scanner and the results in terms of Retention Factor (Rf value) and UV spectrum (λmax) are presented in the manuscript. Using hyphenated technique of HPTLC-MS (MS 2020 SHIMADZU) spots of these drugs from TLC plate was lifted with CAMAG TLC-MS interface and confirmed by the mass spectrum of the individual drugs by their m/z values thus delivering fast and accurate confirmatory result on the TLC plate.
Highlights
India geographical location makes it proximal to drug problem as India is sandwiched between the world’s two largest areas of illicit opium production, the golden crescent i.e. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and the golden triangle i.e. Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar
Developed chromatograms were scanned under CAMAG Thin layer chromatography (TLC) Scanner and output was Chromatogramed and UV spectrum display was recorded in observations
12 Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation rine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffein, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine are successfully separated with high performance thin layer chromatography and identified by their UV absorbance and mass spectrometry
Summary
India geographical location makes it proximal to drug problem as India is sandwiched between the world’s two largest areas of illicit opium production, the golden crescent i.e. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and the golden triangle i.e. Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar. United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. The NDPS (The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act, 1985) act is provisions for the control and regulation of operations relating to An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to narcotic drugs, to make stringent narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances [1], to provide for the forfeiture of property derived from, or used in, illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, to implement the provisions of the International Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and for matters connected therewith [4] In spite of these stringent national and international efforts and law, drug seizure data show that illegal drug manufacturing in clandestine laboratories and trafficking is flourishing. Complete characterization and identification of seized Narcotics and Psychotropic drugs is of ut-
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