HPLC profiling, antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Syzygium jambos available in Bangladesh.

Hemayet Hossain,Md Mahfuzur Rahman,Tanzir Ahmed Khan,Ismet Ara Jahan,Proity Nayeeb Akbar,Shaikh Emdadur Rahman

doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2000-z

Abstract

BackgroundSyzygium jambos has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in Bangladesh. The study investigates the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling of phenolic compounds, and evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of S. jambos available in Bangladesh.MethodsThe extract was subjected to HPLC for the identification and quantification of the major bioactive polyphenols present in S. jambos. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2′-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract in rats for two different test models: carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema was inspected.ResultsHigh levels of catechin hydrate and rutin hydrate (99.00 and 79.20 mg/100 g extract, respectively) and moderate amounts of ellagic acid and quercetin (59.40 and 69.30 mg/100 g extract, respectively) were quantified in HPLC. Catechin hydrate from this plant extract was determined for the first time through HPLC. For ABTS scavenging assay, the median inhibition concentration (IC50) value of S. jambos was 57.80 µg/ml, which was significant to that of ascorbic acid (12.01 µg/ml). The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 0.4934. The total antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated to be 628.50 mg/g of ascorbic acid, 230.82 mg/g of gallic acid and 11.84 mg/g of quercetin equivalent, respectively. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, a significant acute anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) was observed in rats for both the test models with a reduction in the paw volume of 58.04 and 53.95 %, in comparison to those of indomethacin (62.94 and 65.79 %), respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds are responsible for acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of S. jambos.

Highlights

Syzygium jambos has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in Bangladesh
Other compounds, such as ellagic acid and quercetin were detected in moderate quantity (59.40, and 69.30 mg/100 g of dry extract, respectively)
ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were followed for the antioxidant activity test

Summary

Introduction

Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in sub-Saharan Africa, but is native to Malaysia, Nepal, Guatemala and Bangladesh. The bark of this plant is generally required for the treatment of Hossain et al BMC Res Notes (2016) 9:191 inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus [8]. Several ellagitannins like casuarinin, pedunculagin, strictinin, tellimagrandin I, casuarictin and tellimagrandin II have been reported [11] In this experiment, we attempted to investigate the HPLC profiling of bioactive polyphenolic compounds, and evaluate the antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of the leaves of S. jambos growing in Bangladesh

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Results

Conclusion