Abstract
A strategy using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chemical synthesis, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay to identify allicin as the active anticancer compound in aqueous garlic extract (AGE) is described. Changing the pH of AGE from 7.0 to 5.0 eliminated interfering molecules and enabled a clean HPLC separation of the constituents in AGE. MTT assay of the HPLC fractions identified an active fraction. Further analysis by TLC, MS, and NMR verified the active HPLC fraction as allicin. Chemically synthesized allicin was used to provide further confirmation. The results clearly identify the active compound in AGE as allicin.
Highlights
Garlic (Allium sativum) extracts (GEs) and garlic-derived compounds have recently received increasing attention due to their anti-proliferative activities against different types of cancer cells [1]
Data suggest that the active compounds may be the organosulfur compounds (OSCs) [6,7], which are released when garlic is processed
Ally sulfide, ally disulfide, ally trisulfide, and S-allyl mercaptocysteine (SAMC) have all been reported to inhibit tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo [16,17,18]. This makes the identification of the active components in garlic extract (GE), which is vital for the understanding and further utilization of the GE for anti-cancer therapy, very difficult
Summary
Garlic (Allium sativum) extracts (GEs) and garlic-derived compounds have recently received increasing attention due to their anti-proliferative activities against different types of cancer cells [1]. This makes the identification of the active components in garlic extract (GE), which is vital for the understanding and further utilization of the GE for anti-cancer therapy, very difficult. Data reported far on GE focus on the anti-proliferation effects of GE without identifying the active components.
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