Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the anti-inflammatory activity of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts and to identify the active compound(s) contributing to its anti-inflammatory activity using a developed HPLC method. Active chloroform extract of O. stamineus was fractionated into three fractions using a dry flash column chromatography method. These three fractions were investigated for anti-peritoneal capillary permeability, in vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method. The flavonoid rich chloroform extract fraction (CF2) [containing sinensetin (2.86% w/w), eupatorin (5.05% w/w) and 3’-hydroxy-5,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone (1.101% w/w)], significantly reduced rat hind paw edema, NO and decreased dye leakage to peritoneal cavity at p < 0.05. IC50 of in vitro NO scavenging of CF2 was 0.3 mg/mL. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these CF2 may possibly be due to the presence of flavonoid compounds capable of affecting the NO pathway.
Highlights
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), Benth. (Lamiaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb for many centuries in Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia and Malaysia
After a couple of hours, there is a liberation of prostaglandins mediated by bradykinin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins produced by macrophages
The dried leaves of O. stamineus were successively extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus by the serial extraction method using petroleum ether followed by chloroform and with methanol
Summary
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), Benth. (Lamiaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb for many centuries in Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia and Malaysia. (Lamiaceae) has been used as a medicinal herb for many centuries in Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia and Malaysia. It is used as a remedy for catarrh of the bladder and as medicine for various disorders such as nephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, vesical calculi, arteriosclerosis, gout and rheumatism [1]. Orthosiphon stamineus contains several active constituents, such as terpenoids and polyphenols [3]. Diterpenes isolated from Orthosiphon spp. have been shown to exhibit antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on contractile responses in rat thoracic aorta [3,8,9,10], nitric oxide inhibition [11], cytotoxic effect against breast (MC-7) human cancer cell line, anti
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