Abstract
Dealing of medical emergencies and better patient care with good outcomes hugely depends on the timely asked pathology test reports. However pathology should be used only for the urgent issues and not for the non urgent complaints leading to associated morbidity. It is the responsibility of junior doctors and medical emergency doctors to assess the magnitude of urgent problem, making diagnosis and order for those pathology tests that can help in supporting the diagnosis and further management of patient. This will ensure the best timely help to the patient and will reduce the burden of pathology labs. This article will add and emphasize the knowledge of right test at the right time on the right patient. Most efficient way for the best patient care and better utilization of laboratory services is to order the tests required, in a single collection. To minimize the wasteful testing in emergencies, STAT tests have been described. These tests should be urgently done for the diagnosis and treatment of patient as any delay can be life threatening. Results for the tests should be ready within the span of one hour or less.
Highlights
The homeobox genes are a transcription factor family; they are divided in several classes
Class I homeobox genes (HOX in mice and HOX in humans), are 39 transcription factors, mainly involved in the regulation of embryonic development program; The HOX genes are characterized by a sequence of 183 nucleotides encoding a homeodomain of 61 amino acid that binds to DNA, as a biological gripper, activating or repressing specific genes [1,2]
The HOX genes are organized into four chromosomal clusters or loci (HOXA Chr 7p15.3, HOXB Chr 17q21.3, HOXC Chr 12q13.3 and HOXD Chr 2q31), each having 9-11 genes
Summary
The homeobox genes are a transcription factor family; they are divided in several classes. Homeobox and HOX genes appear to regulate normal development, phenotype cell identity [8,9] cell differentiation [10,11] and control primary cellular processes, as proven by the description of congenital [12], somatic [13], metabolic [14] and neoplastic alterations [15,16] involving these genes. In addition to their role as transcriptional regulators, new crucial functions have recently been ascribed to HOX genes and homeoproteins mostly related to their interaction with miRNAs and ncRNAs to guarantee transcription and translation of specific RNA transcripts [17,18]. The HOX network is active in adult human tissues and organs, controls the spatial-temporal generation of biological structure expected during embryonic development and regulates the cell memory program [4]
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