Abstract
Abstract The year 1973 was a turning point in the demand for migrant domestic labor. As millions of educated women entered Western workforces, and demand for domestic labor exploded with oil prices in the Gulf States, households turned to migrant domestic laborers. Today, there are 75.6 million documented domestic workers worldwide; 76.2% of them are women. Over 13 million (17%) are migrants. The basic dynamic—a demand for low-skilled labor that cannot be filled by citizens, leading to cheap migrant labor—shares much with the other sectors examined in this book. There are, nonetheless, two differences. Unlike meatpacking, garment and textiles, retail, construction, and (briefly) agriculture, there was no golden age of unionization. There were very few domestic workers during the high point of American and European industrial unionization in the 1950s and 1960s. Migrant domestic workers have always had few rights and are, either because legislation enables it or because the private sphere is difficult to police, subject to extensive exploitation.
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