How useful are anthropometric measurements as predictive markers for elevated blood pressure in adolescents in different gender?

Abstract

Background Obesity and obesity-related diseases are one of the common health problems worldwide and have also been proposed to be important predictors of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of our study is to determine the utility of different anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], skinfold thickness [SFT], waist circumference [WC], mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], arm circumference-height ratio [AHtR], and waist circumference-height ratio [WHtR]) as markers of hypertension (HT) risk in adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 544 participants aged between 12 and 13 years were included. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure of participants were measured. The association of different anthropometric measurements with blood pressure was evaluated. Results The frequency of both elevated blood pressure and HT was 30.2%. Biceps, triceps, and suprailiac SFT have an impact on HT in girls but only suprailiac SFT in boys. WC measurements above the 85th percentile were strongly correlated with HT conditions, and this relationship was stronger in boys than in girls (3.3 vs. 2.6 fold). MUAC, WHtR, and AHtR measurements also have strong correlation with HT in boys but only WHtR has a poor relation in girls. In boys and girls with obesity, there was a positive association between obesity and blood pressures. Conclusions Not only age-related BMI z scores but also a number of other anthropometric measurements, such as WC, SFT, MUAC, WHtR, and AHtR, could have an influence on high blood pressure. The influence changes with gender during adolescence.