Abstract

Background Obesity and obesity-related diseases are one of the common health problems worldwide and have also been proposed to be important predictors of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of our study is to determine the utility of different anthropometric measurements (body mass index [BMI], skinfold thickness [SFT], waist circumference [WC], mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC], arm circumference-height ratio [AHtR], and waist circumference-height ratio [WHtR]) as markers of hypertension (HT) risk in adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 544 participants aged between 12 and 13 years were included. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure of participants were measured. The association of different anthropometric measurements with blood pressure was evaluated. Results The frequency of both elevated blood pressure and HT was 30.2%. Biceps, triceps, and suprailiac SFT have an impact on HT in girls but only suprailiac SFT in boys. WC measurements above the 85th percentile were strongly correlated with HT conditions, and this relationship was stronger in boys than in girls (3.3 vs. 2.6 fold). MUAC, WHtR, and AHtR measurements also have strong correlation with HT in boys but only WHtR has a poor relation in girls. In boys and girls with obesity, there was a positive association between obesity and blood pressures. Conclusions Not only age-related BMI z scores but also a number of other anthropometric measurements, such as WC, SFT, MUAC, WHtR, and AHtR, could have an influence on high blood pressure. The influence changes with gender during adolescence.

Highlights

  • Children and adolescents with obesity increased 10-fold between 1975 and 2016 [1]

  • The influence changes with gender during adolescence

  • The frequencies of high anthropometric measurements on both Elevated blood pressure (EBP) and HT are given in Suppl Table 1

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Summary

Introduction

Children and adolescents with obesity increased 10-fold between 1975 and 2016 [1]. Elevated blood pressure (EBP) has been shown to be associated with target organ damage [12]. Studies have shown the average systemic blood pressure in children to have risen over recent years, and this increase is more pronounced in obese children. In Turkey, the Ministry of Health’s 2014 nutrition and health status report noted a gradual increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and stated that the prevalence of HT is expected to rise [16]. The association of different anthropometric measurements with blood pressure was evaluated. In boys and girls with obesity, there was a positive association between obesity and blood pressures

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