Abstract
Recently, a number of articles have reported that granular convection induced by continuous vibration is controlled by vibration velocity, in contrast with some previous studies. We have reported such an example for the Brazil nut effect when the vibration is given discontinuously, using a one-layer granular bed in a cell with down-facing side walls. Here, we report the effect of vibration phase and wall friction using the same experimental system, to confirm rising motion of an intruder induced by granular convection is again governed by vibration velocity. We compare two different cases of vibration phase for giving intermittent vibration cycles, and found one, in which granular packing is well established before grains start to lose contacts due to vibration, provides distinctly high reproducibility. We further control the side wall friction using a microfabrication technique, and found that significantly high reproducibility is attained in a cell with vertical side walls when a millimeter texture is introduced on the side walls. Our results indicate that the granular convection is universally controlled by vibration velocity. The present study opens a way to conduct highly reproducible experiments on granular dynamics, which is indispensable for deep physical understanding of granular flow and segregation.
Highlights
IntroductionA number of articles have reported that granular studies [10, 11], we need to examine how universal is the convection induced by continuous vibration is controlled velocity-controlled granular convection
Since these results for the velocity-controlled granular convection do not seem to be consistent with classicRecently, a number of articles have reported that granular studies [10, 11], we need to examine how universal is the convection induced by continuous vibration is controlled velocity-controlled granular convection
A number of articles have reported that granular studies [10, 11], we need to examine how universal is the convection induced by continuous vibration is controlled velocity-controlled granular convection
Summary
A number of articles have reported that granular studies [10, 11], we need to examine how universal is the convection induced by continuous vibration is controlled velocity-controlled granular convection. The Brazil nuts (BN) problem is a size segregation of grains by shaking: when a cell that contains mixture of grains of large and small sizes are vibrated, large ones tend to rise up in the cell This problem was introduced in the field of physics in 1987 by a simulation study [5], which was followed by pioneering experimental studies [6,7,8]. We further examine how universal is the velocity-controlled convection using the same experimental setup For this purpose, we focus on the case of discontinuous vibration, in which one cycle of sinusoidal wave is given with a regular interval. We find that the rising motion is again governed solely by the vibration velocity
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