Abstract
The COVID-19 infection is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. It is a single stranded RNA virus hence has high mutation rate. In a populous country like India, it can find large number of hosts to infect and thus undergo strong mutation. The Indian variant B.1.617 undergone three mutation to form B.1.617.2 (double mutant) and B.1.617.3 (triple mutant). The variant B.1.617.2 is declared a Variant of Concern due to its increase transmissibility, immune escape, increase effect of infection. The variant is also suspected to reduce vaccine efficacy and efficiency. It also the cause of overwhelming second wave of coronavirus in India. This harmful variant has also spread to other countries such as UK and Australia. Such harmful mutations are a result of aiming for herd immunity naturally against the virus. This article aims to understand the triple mutation and cause of devastating COVID-19 wave in India. And analyze steps to prevent future outbreaks.
Highlights
The Coronavirus pandemic called COVID-19 pandemic cause by virus SARS-CoV-2 has had a global impact
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) definition of virus is “A virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitutes a replicating lineage and occupies a particular ecological niche” [7], [8]
When an endemic mutant virus spread to other part of the word by an infected host, for example via flights, the mutant virus starts spreading in other country. This process is called Founders effect. Such high rates of mutation accumulate over period of time in immunodeficient or immunosuppressed patients who are chronically infected with SARS-CoV-2 which leads to viral evolution [13]
Summary
The Coronavirus pandemic called COVID-19 pandemic cause by virus SARS-CoV-2 has had a global impact. After about a year and half, the virus has been successfully controlled at its the place of origin by adopting appropriate, responsible, and timely healthy and safe practices. It continues to produce devastating effect in many parts of the world. India is experiencing an overwhelming second wave of coronavirus that is crushing its health care system. It is the need of the hour to control the situation in India effectively with novel methods and stop the spread of virus as it is leading to increase loss of lives and alarming development of powerful variants that is rendering the existing technology used against the virus. One key concept is epidemiological triad which consists of interaction of pathogen (infective agent), host and environment [3]
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