Abstract
Abstract The general argument in favor of trade liberalization is that it allows the expansion of the size of markets, allowing the global economy to take further advantage of the economies of scale (the argument Adam Smith put forward more than two-hundred years ago), and it enhances global efficiency in production and exchange. Thus trade liberalization must be managed carefully to ensure that developing countries benefit from it and are not left worse off. In this chapter, we discuss the most important market access issues in the Doha Round and we show what must be done to promote development. As noted earlier, the standard argument that trade liberalization necessarily makes all countries better off (though not necessarily all individuals within each country) is predicated on a set of assumptions that is not satisfied in most developing countries: full employment, perfect competition, and perfect capital and risk markets.
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