Abstract
Non-rechargeable alkaline Zn-MnO2 batteries are dominating the primary battery market and are a promising candidate for secondary battery storage systems as well. However, these batteries suffer from low potential and poor rechargeability. Here, we report a rechargeable membrane-less amphoteric aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery with a 2.4 V open circuit potential. We have employed alkaline (KOH), acidic (H2SO4) and neutral (K2SO4) Pluronic F-127 hydrogels as electrolytes. By placing the anode in an alkaline environment but the cathode in an acidic environment, we have successfully widened the potential window in an aqueous medium avoiding hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The obtained open circuit potential of as prepared amphoteric battery is stable for more than 25 h and 200 charge-discharge cycles.
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