Abstract

Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. The emergence of genomes, cells, multi-cellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition between individuals and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation are discussed: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. I will argue that cooperation is essential for evolvability.KeywordsGroup SelectionEvolutionary GamePayoff MatrixEvolutionarily Stable StrategyFixation ProbabilityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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