How to differentially detect potentially risky human papilloma virus strains in the human population?

Abstract

The human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, knowing more than 100 viral types that, in relation to their oncological pathogenesis, are classified into types of high and low oncological risk. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women. HPV can often cause warts. Most types of this virus are harmless, but a percentage of them are associated with an increased risk of cancer. These types are born from the genitals and are acquired through sexual contact with an engaged partner. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women. HPV infection is responsible for various lesions in different areas of the body. Common warts are the most frequent. They consist of whitish papillomatous lesions that can be in any area, oral mucosa, genital mucosa, etc. Most people infected with the genital human papillomavirus are only carriers. It usually has no symptoms and goes away on its own, without causing serious health problems. There is no cure for HPV, but there are treatments for the health problems that some types of HPV can cause, such as genital warts and cervical cancer. Thanks to cytology and histopathology, it can be detected and treated promptly, reducing the impact of this disease. In addition, there are vaccines that promise to reduce this cancer, especially in countries with the highest number of cases. The virus can remain in the body, even after receiving treatment for genital warts. This means that HPV can still be transmitted to sexual partners, despite not having physical manifestations of it. This work will present the bases for the differential detection between the riskiest HPV strains: HPV-18 and HPV-16 through their detection using the amazing idea of ​​Kary Mullis: Polymerase Chain Reaction.