Abstract
The surgical treatment of severe and rigid spinal deformities has always been one of biggest challenges for spine surgeons. After pedicle screws were popularized, more correction and stable force could be attained. Some aggressive procedures, including vertebral column resection, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, Smith-Peterson osteotomy, and Ponte osteotomy, have been proposed to improve the correction of this kind of deformities. The flexibility of the spine could be improved through osteotomy procedures. Thus, more correction of severe and rigid deformities could be attained. This chapter discusses how to determine the levels of osteotomies.
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