Abstract
Hydrological recovery is the basis for restoring the structure and function of wetlands in semiarid and arid areas of China. Selecting an appropriate hydrological recovery mode may be helpful for improving the effectiveness of wetland restoration. We conducted pot experiments to study the effects of the flooding frequency, duration, depth, and occurrence time on the height, biomass, ion contents, and photosynthetic physiology of Phragmites australis in degraded saline–alkaline marsh in the West Songnen Plain, China. At the end of the growing season, we found that the biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves increased, whereas the Na+ concentration decreased, and the K+ content remained unchanged under an increased flooding frequency treatment. As the flooding depth increased, the plant height increased, but there were no differences in the photosynthetic parameters, biomass, and WUE under flooding at 5 cm and 10 cm. Under different flooding duration treatments, the plant height and biomass were greater, but the photosynthetic parameters and Na+ and K+ contents were lower under a flooding duration of three months. The flooding occurrence time had little effect on the growth of P. australis. Our results indicate that the flooding frequency and duration had greater effects than the flooding depth and occurrence time in the hydrological recovery model for P. australis restoration. The biomass accumulated by P. australis was related to lower Na+ contents and the maintenance of a high K+/Na+ contents, and WUE increased by adjusting photosynthesis under a moderate flooding frequency and duration. These results have important implications for the restoration of degraded semiarid wetlands with man-made channel systems in conditions with limited freshwater resources.
Highlights
Wetlands are considered the “kidneys” of the Earth and they have many important ecological functions, e.g., carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water purification, erosion control, and wildlife habitats [1]
Our results indicated that the flooding frequency and duration are more important than the flooding depth and occurrence time, and these factors may have critical effects on the hydrologic conditions to allow the rapid recovery of P. australis populations
We investigated the effective hydrological recovery of P. australis populations in a degraded semiarid wetland in China by considering the Songnen Plain saline-alkaline wetland as a case study
Summary
Wetlands are considered the “kidneys” of the Earth and they have many important ecological functions, e.g., carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, water purification, erosion control, and wildlife habitats [1]. Wetland degradation has occurred, including area reductions, water quality deterioration, and loss of functions due to disturbances caused by natural environmental changes and human activities [2]. Many researchers have focused on wetland restoration and creation throughout the world with the aims of increasing the wetland areas and improving their ecological functions, e.g., wetland hydrological restoration [4] and eutrophication control [5]. A lack of water resources is the main factor responsible for driving wetland degradation in arid and semiarid areas of China [6,7]. Hydrological recovery is essential for the wetland structure and functional restoration in northern China
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