Abstract

Abstract Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms.However, there is a need to increase the autonomy of the robot both to lighten the burden on human therapists (who have to remain in control and, importantly, supervise the robot) and to provide a consistent therapeutic experience. This paper seeks to provide insight into increasing the autonomy level of social robots in therapy to move beyond WoZ. With the final aim of improved human-human social interaction for the children, this multidisciplinary research seeks to facilitate the use of social robots as tools in clinical situations by addressing the challenge of increasing robot autonomy.We introduce the clinical framework in which the developments are tested, alongside initial data obtained from patients in a first phase of the project using a WoZ set-up mimicking the targeted supervised-autonomy behaviour. We further describe the implemented system architecture capable of providing the robot with supervised autonomy.

Highlights

  • Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms

  • Taking into account that individuals with ASD tend to be more responsive to feedback coming from an interaction with technology rather than from an interaction with human beings [9], and given the need for reducing costs while increasing the effectiveness of standard behavioural therapies, studies have shown that robots may be beneficial in ASD therapies as mediators between human models and ASD children, see [9,10,11]

  • We have presented a novel skeleton joint descriptor based on 3D Moving Trend and Geometry (3DMTG) property for human action recognition, see [53]

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Summary

Introduction

Abstract: Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms. With the final aim of improved human-human social interaction for the children, this multidisciplinary research seeks to facilitate the use of social robots as tools in clinical situations by addressing the challenge of increasing robot autonomy. Taking into account that individuals with ASD tend to be more responsive to feedback coming from an interaction with technology rather than from an interaction with human beings [9], and given the need for reducing costs while increasing the effectiveness of standard (cognitive) behavioural therapies, studies have shown that robots may be beneficial in ASD therapies as mediators between human models and ASD children, see [9,10,11]. See [22] for a complete survey detailing how RAT robots are mapped to therapeutic and educational objectives

Increasing autonomy in RAT
First steps towards Robot-Enhanced Therapy
Clinical framework
Supervised Autonomy
Sensing and interpretation
Gaze estimation
Human action recognition
Object tracking
Audio processing
Remaining challenges in sensing and interpretation
Child behaviour classification
Social cognitive controller
Socially reactive subsystem
Deliberative subsystem
Self-monitoring subsystem
Platform independent flavour
Findings
Conclusion

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