Abstract
Water resources are one of the most important natural resources in ecosystems, and they have characteristics of natural and artificial flows. Natural flow causes water resources to flow from upstream to downstream between different regions in accordance with the terrain, whereas artificial flow leads to changes in seasonal and regional allocations of water resources. The water safety status of different regions differs under natural water flow, while water-deficient areas can restore the regional water safety situation by artificially allocating water resources. This study (1) uses Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) software to simulate water provisions and calculates water consumption through industrial, agricultural and domestic water use; (2) combines the digital elevation model (DEM) of Shandong and Henan Provinces and uses computer programming to introduce natural flow into water resource assessment; (3) according to the flow relationship between cities, assesses water resource security in real conditions; and (4) based on the water security index (WSI), simulates the water resources of interbasin water transfer. The results show that the water safety situation of cities in Shandong and Henan Provinces is very poor. Only 1 city is safe with regard to water resources out of 34 cities in the 2 provinces, while the other 33 cities are unsafe. The eastern coastal area of Shandong Province has the largest demand for water resources, of which Yantai City, with the worst water security situation and the water resources allocation, has a demand of 8.53 × 108 m3. The results for Xinyang, which has the best water security situation, indicate that water resources should not be allocated artificially. The characteristics of water resource flow determine the necessity of considering the flow in regional water resource security assessment. A flow-based interbasin water transfer allocation scheme can provide a reference for relevant research.
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