Abstract
© Exact and reproducible dispensing of liquids is a prerequisite for many applications in medical and molecular biology laboratories. The performance of test systems is largely dependent upon the exact proportions of the individual reaction components in an assay. Modern pipettes enable the user to manually dispense amounts of liquid down to about 0.1 μL. Using this mature technology, even users with little experience can dispense such small amounts of liquid without fearing the effects on the precision of the results. Despite the great importance of precise liquid handling in research and diagnostics, little attention is often paid to the hardware responsible for it, namely the pipettes. Here, I will give an overview of the technical principles of pipettes and discuss the characteristics of different systems defined by different methods of construction. I will also classify them by their applications. Other factors that affect the precision and accuracy of dispensing liquids will also be examined. Some practical tips will be given outlining even more precise methods of working.
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