Abstract

How the possibility of a fight-back strategy affects the consequences of a sanctions regime

Highlights

  • Sanctions are being used as a tool of foreign policy by powerful states, international and intergovernmental institutions

  • While comprehensive insights about the effects of a specific sanction on the interests of a target country, and its behaviour are necessary for both sender and target countries, both sides seek to be knowledgeable about any potential countermeasures in other areas of common interests, their extents and how they will affect the results of the imposed sanctions

  • This article tries to explore the effects of the possibility of a fight-back strategy on the outcomes of a sanctions regime over a contested policy

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Sanctions are being used as a tool of foreign policy by powerful states, international and intergovernmental institutions. A critical discussion is needed to show why and how the possibility of a countermeasure is able to change the outcome of a sanctions regime and how the expected outcome will change if there is no such a possibility. This includes the specification of the circumstances under which a fight-back strategy (a strategy taken as a countermeasure) can be helpful for a target country as well as the conditions under which a potential fight-back strategy may not be effective

LITERATURE REVIEW
THE STRUCTURE OF THE GAMES
The base game
The aggressive game
The equilibria
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
The effects of being a starter
The magnitude of the counteraction costs
CONCLUSIONS
Full Text
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