How the performance of a biological pre-oxidation step can affect a downstream photo-Fenton process on the remediation of mature landfill leachates: Assessment of kinetic parameters and characterization of the bacterial communities

Abstract

Abstract The main purpose of this work was to assess the (i) short-term effect of the main nitrification and denitrification variables on the nitrogen’s biological removal via nitrite from highstrength leachates, and (ii) the effect of the presence/absence of nitrites/nitrates in a downstream photo-oxidation process. The biological reaction rates were evaluated as a function of several parameters: (i) temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH, on the nitrification; and (ii) pH, temperature and the addition of phosphate ions, on the denitrification. At the beginning of most nitrification assays, it was verified that the ammonia stripping occurred simultaneously to the nitrification, reaching up to 31% removal of total dissolved nitrogen. The maximum nitrification rate obtained was 37 ± 2 mg NH4+-N/(h⋅g VSS) (25 °C, 1.02.0 mg O2/L, pH not controlled), consuming 5.3 ± 0.4 mg CaCO3/mg NH4+-N. The highest denitrification rate achieved was 27 ± 1 mg NO2−-N/(h⋅g VSS) (pH between 7.5 and 8.0, 30 °C, adding 30 mg PO43−/L), with a C/N consumption ratio of 1.6 ± 0.1 mg CH3OH/mg NO2−-N and an overall alkalinity production of 3.2 ± 0.1 mg CaCO3/mg NO2−-N. The denitrification process showed to be sensitive to all studied parameters, while the nitrification reaction did not suffered significant change when DO content was changed. The two most abundant bacterial groups in the nitrification and denitrification processes, as indicated by the 454-pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, were affiliated to Saprospiraceae/Nitrosomonadaceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae/Saprospiraceae, respectively. The abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae (in particular, Hyphomicrobium) in the nitrification and denitrification process, respectively, is in agreement with the nitrifying and denitrifying activity of these bacterial members. The photo-Fenton reaction rate was assessed considering the presence of nitrites and nitrates and the absence of both in a leachate after biological oxidation and coagulation/sedimentation steps. The results showed that for a pre-treated leachate without nitrogen, the DOC degradation rate decreased 28%, while for a bio-treated leachate containing nitrites, the H2O2 consumption was 2.4 times higher.