How surplus of palmitic fatty acid in food initiates hypertriglyceridemia, increases cholesterol of low density lipoproteins, triggers atherosclerosis and develops atheromatosis.

Abstract

In phylogenesis, the first transfer of all fatty acids to cells is implemented by high density lipoproteins. Later, unsaturated and polyene fatty acids are transferred to cell by low density lipoproteins. The insulin-depended cells absorb palmitic saturated fatty acid, oleic mono-unsaturated fatty acid and of the same name triglycerides in very low density lipoproteins. The hepatocytes secrete palmitic, oleic and linoleic very low density lipoproteins separately. In blood, under hydrolysis of triglycerides, cells absorb ligand palmitic and oleic very low density lipoproteins by force of апоЕ/В-100 endocytosis; they are not transformed into low density lipoproteins. The palmitic saturated fatty acids in the form of polyether of cholesterol turn into linoleic very low density lipoproteins from high density lipoproteins at impact of protein transferring polyene ethers of cholesterol. They transform very low density lipoproteins into low density lipoproteins of the same name; the cells absorb them by force of апоЕ/В-100 endocytosis. In physiological sense, amount of oleic very low density lipoproteins are always more than palmitic of very low density lipoproteins. Under syndrome of insulin-resistance there is no transformation of palmitic saturated fatty acid synthesized from glucose in vivo into oleic mono-saturated fatty acid. The hepatocytes secrete into blood mainly palmitic very low density lipoproteins which amount exceeds oleic very low density lipoproteins. Under slow hydrolysis in blood, main mass of palmitic very low density lipoproteins becomes palmitic low density lipoproteins. These very lipoproteins initiate hyperlipidemia, increase content of cholesterol of cholesterol-low density lipoproteins, lower cholesterol-high density lipoproteins, decrease bio-availability of polyene fatty acids for cells, trigger development of atherosclerosis and formation of atheromatosis in intima of arteries. The aphysiologic effect of surplus of palmitic saturated fatty acid in vivo and triglycerides of the same name can't be eliminated under increasing of content of ω-3 polyene fatty acids in food and effect of statines. All this is to be rationally applied in prevention of hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, atheromatosis of coronary arteries, ischemic heart disease and myocardium infarction.