Abstract
This study addresses the pre touch reaction distance effects in human–robot touch interaction with an android named ERICA that has a feminine, human-like appearance. Past studies on human–robot interaction, which enabled social robots to react to being touched by developing several sensing systems and designing reaction behaviors, focused on after-touch situations, i.e., before-touch situations received less attention. In this study, we conducted a data collection to investigate the minimum comfortable distance to another's touch by observing a data set of human–human touch interactions, modeled its distance relationships, and implemented a model with our robot. We experimentally investigated the effectiveness of the modeled minimum comfortable distance to being touched with participants. Our experiment results showed that they highly evaluated a robot that reacts to being touched based on the modeled minimum comfortable distance.
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