Abstract
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is an important step in the retroviral lifecycle, and marks the point at which the virus loses control over its own lifecycle. The early steps, such as cell entry, reverse transcription and integration, are controlled mainly by viral enzymes. After integration, the proviral DNA is treated as a cellular gene and the cellular transcription machinery plays a major role in progression to the later steps of the viral lifecycle. Therefore, from the point of view of the virus, target-site selection is extremely important and determines the success of the infection. Despite this, retroviruses were believed to integrate more-or-less randomly into the genome. However, previous studies were limited by the fact that relatively few target sites were analyzed, and the recent publication of the human genome has provided a basis for studying the distribution of integration sites in more detail.
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