Abstract
AbstractPurpose: Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a diagnostic tool or clinical decision support tool has been investigated extensively. The purpose of this study is to review the literature to date, the number and type of systems that are already available.Methods: A search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Global Health Library (2000–2022) was performed. Key words used were Ophthalmology AND AI OR Clinical Assist OR Decision Support Tools. Inclusion criteria were articles written in the English language and studies with human participants. Exclusion criteria were editorials, articles using animal models, and pure validation studies.Results: 11 557 papers when ‘Ophthalmology and AI’ filtered applied, and 906 when ‘Decision Support Tool’ is specified. 387 titles filtered for inclusion/exclusion criteria, of which 26 working tools were identified, (Cataract 4, Cornea and refraction 3, Melanoma 2, Oculoplastic 3, Paediatric Ophthalmology 1, Triage 2, Glaucoma and Neuro‐Ophthalmology 4, Retina 7). Of these, 6 are available for clinical use.Conclusions: Out of a large number of studies, we find 6 examples of Diagnostic or Decision support tools ready for implementation. Two are diagnostic, based on input of risk factors alone, and the others use image analysis for disease management and screening. Most AI work is retrospective and observational in nature, with most trials in medical retinal diseases. Further work is needed to translate AI ideas into clinical practice.
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