How Raised Beds and Fe-Chelate Affect Soybean Iron Deficiency Chlorosis and Yield

Lucas C Holmes,Grant H Mehring,Hans J Kandel,Peder K Schmitz

doi:10.4236/as.2021.127049

Abstract

Water-logging and the inability to take up sufficient iron (Fe), causing iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr.), can be major yield reducing factors in certain soils in the northern USA and Manitoba, Canada, soybean growing regions. The objective of this research was to evaluate soybean IDC, biomass production, and yield with seeding on raised beds and seed application of the Fe-chelate compound ortho-ortho-Fe-EDDHA. In six environments, soybean were seeded on raised beds and conventionally prepared seedbeds (flat) and with a factorial arrangement of five cultivars (within adapted maturity group 0.1 to 0.9 and variable IDC tolerance) and seed applied Fe-EDDHA using rates of 0 kg·ha−1 and 3.36 kg·ha−1. There were no significant interactions between the factors tested. The plant population was 27% higher on the raised beds compared with flat, and yield was 6.3% higher (2893 kg·ha−1 vs. 2722 kg·ha−1). Total dry plant biomass on raised beds was 9.8% greater compared with flat. The plant population with seed applied Fe-EDDHA was 10.6% lower compared with no application. However, the IDC score was significantly lower 2.2 vs 2.4 (1 = green, 5 = dead) for Fe-EDDHA seed application. Yield and plant biomass were not significantly different between Fe treatments. Raised beds offer an opportunity for soybean growers to reduce the negative influence of excessive water. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effect of raised beds on plant development, IDC expression, and yield. The application of Fe-EDDHA remains a partial solution and should therefore be combined with other methods to reduce IDC. Further research should study other Fe-EDDHA application rates and methods.

Highlights

Soybean is subject to abiotic stresses such as water-logged soil, salinity, and irondeficiency chlorosis (IDC) which are common in the Northern US growing region as well as Manitoba, Canada [2]
We selected cultivars with differences in iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) tolerance to see if there would be an interaction between proxy cultivar and raised beds and or Fe-EDDHA seed treatment
Iron-deficiency chlorosis continues to be a problem in the River of the North Valley (RRNV)

Summary

Introduction

Soybean is subject to abiotic stresses such as water-logged soil, salinity, and irondeficiency chlorosis (IDC) which are common in the Northern US growing region as well as Manitoba, Canada [2]. Methods mitigating these yield reducing stressors need to be investigated. Utilizing raised beds intends to reduce crop root exposure to excess water and acts as a beneficial water management practice in areas with poorly drained soils [4] [5]. Most of the nitrogen (N) needed by soybean plants is from N-fixation in the root nodules Poorly drained soils at the beginning of the growing season can be low in rhizobacteria, resulting in lower root nodule formation [6]

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