Abstract
No non-human reservoirs for smallpox- and polio-viruses has contributed to the success of worldwide eradication of smallpox and a significant control of poliomyelitis. Most emerging and re-emerging viruses including SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), have animal reservoirs and therefore,they impose a constant threat of host jump leading tooutbreaksin humans. It is desirable to be ready for control of infections that are caused by zoonotic pathogens, even after an outbreak has ended. This literature review is a compilation of advances made so far for diagnosis and treatment of SARS.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, there were 8,098 reported cases and 774 deaths worldwide during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in2002-2003
No vaccines against coronaviruses are available at this time for use in human, they are produced for use in animals (Olsen et al, 1993; Anton et al, 1996)
A myriad of compounds have been identified to show inhibitory effects on SARS-CoVin vitro, only a few of those are reported for their safety and efficacy in animal models
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, there were 8,098 reported cases and 774 deaths worldwide during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in2002-2003. The animalisolates contained a 29-nucleotide sequence in ORF 8 region that was absent in most human isolates (Guan et al, 2003).These analyses and the fact that palm civets did not show a widespread infection indicated that palm civetsmight not have been the natural reservoir host for SARS-CoV. Instead, they may have only served a medium to facilitate animal-to-human transition. Even after the outbreakcame under control, scientists around the world continued to treat the situationas urgent and have made significant advances in understanding the SARS-CoV biology, developing diagnostics, identifying a number of drug targets, potential antivirals, tools for vaccines and immunotherapy for SARS
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