Abstract
Aim: This literature review provides an overview of published data with regards to the inclusion of music in surgery, and its effects on: (i) The dosage of anaesthesia or sedation and (ii) Stress and anxiety levels. Methods: An electronic search in various databases was accomplished to identify related articles. Research evidences provided were assessed based on the “hierarchy of evidence” reflecting the authority of various types of medical research i.e., the relative strengths on the main types of research and medical studies. Results: 14 relevant citations touched on how the use of music during surgery resulted in the decreased dosage of anaesthesia used. A majority of the studies have concluded, based on a large scale of randomized controlled trials, that music did in fact have great positive responses from patients by greatly reducing stress/anxiety levels and also reducing the dosage required for anaesthesia during surgery. Conclusion: Music is a non-pharmacological alternative and potent intervention in surgical procedures; showing conclusive evidence in reducing the dosages of sedation and anxiety levels in patients.
Highlights
IntroductionMusic is ubiquitous and is found in various cultures and countries with wide discrepancies and personalities elicited by individual groups of people
Music has been proven to reduce the perceptions of pain and the dosage of anaesthetics and sedatives used during surgery
Through the various database searches, 14 possibly relevant citations touched on how the use of music during surgery resulted in the decreased dosage of anaesthesia used
Summary
Music is ubiquitous and is found in various cultures and countries with wide discrepancies and personalities elicited by individual groups of people. Music is a vitalizing experience that elicits both physiological and psychological responses in its listener. It has a general melody of sounds that can unify the mind and soul, without the deterrence of language. Music is an aesthetic and allegorical medium which has the power to dissipate fear and anxiety associated when one faces the unchartered alone. It provides a quintessential backing for patients undergoing surgery where non-general anaesthetics are administered to. The pain reducing effects of music is mediated by a decrease in activity of stress-responsive systems in the body thereby reducing levels of stress and anxiety in patients
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