Abstract
X-ray CT is a powerful technology to study root growth in soil in-situ. Root systems can be studied in its true 3D geometry over time. Hence, the same plant can be scanned multiple times during development. A downside is the potential of X-rays to interfere with biological processes and therefore plant growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of cumulative X-ray dose on Vicia faba and Hordeum vulgare during a growth period of 17 days. One control treatment without X-ray scanning was compared to two treatments being scanned every two and four days, respectively. Scanned treatments received a maximum cumulative dose of less than 8 Gy. Plant species differed in their susceptibility to X-ray dose. For Vicia faba, mean total root length was reduced significantly. Leave growth was reduced as well. Number and length of second order laterals was reduced significantly, as well as length of first order laterals. Hordeum vulgare showed no negative impact of X-ray dose on any of the root parameters. Large differences between the two species investigated were detected in respect to susceptibility to X-ray dose. Results indicate that for X-ray CT studies involving temporal resolution a control treatment without scanning is required.
Highlights
CT is a very powerful technology to study root growth in soil in-situ
Root growth development can be visualised by X-ray CT with a very high degree of detail for Vicia faba (Fig 1 and S1–S5 Figs for all replicates)
The spatial resolution of 40 μm is sufficient to visualise all root orders of Vicia faba, emerging during the first 16 days of root system development, except for those growing along the container walls
Summary
Due to its non-invasive nature, the same plant can be scanned multiple times during plant development to study root growth dynamics. Plants receive a cumulated dose of X-ray radiation. Depending on plant species, growing period, scanning frequency (and duration), scanning settings (energy and current, and source to sample distance) and used filters, this dose might be high enough to influence root growth. Studies using X-ray tomography to analyse root growth over time, show large differences in total X-ray dose received by plants [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Several authors try to keep the dose very low, being
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