How Much Does Multitasking Cost You?

Abstract

Multitasking is a widely studied phenomenon that has garnered interest in recent years due to the development of modern technology. The act of performing numerous tasks that requires a split in cognitive function has always existed, but it has become increasingly prevalent because of the commonality of texting while driving and the dangers associated with it. Due to the perceived risks of multitasking while operating machinery, laws have been implemented to prevent it in many states, but outside the high stakes circumstance of texting and driving, not much exploration has been done into the efficacy of task juggling in a low risk setting to evaluate the costs and benefits. Previous methods of testing the effects of multitasking have largely been within the context of driving and academic performance and have concluded that engaging in multiple activities affects cognitive functioning. However, there has been less focus on a quantifiable and objective measure to the impact of distractions in a home setting. The aim of this study is to use the Brain Gauge, a cognitive assessment tool, to investigate the relationship between the intensity and type of multitasking activities and cognitive processing through the inclusion of different media types to serve as distractors. This was explored by testing the reaction times of individuals while they simultaneously performed a series of engaging but mundane tasks. Ultimately it was found that there was a statistically significant change in reaction time while watching television compared to the control. The results from this study can be used to better understand how multitasking affects cognitive function and help to determine whether it should be avoided during crucial tasks such as homework and driving.