Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Canada and is a priority area for medical research. The research funding landscape in Canada has changed quite a bit over the last few decades, as have funding levels. Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of expenditures on CVD research for the public and charitable (not-for profit) sectors in Canada between 1975 and 2005.MethodsTo estimate research expenditures for the public and charitable sectors, we compiled a complete list of granting agencies in Canada, contacted each agency and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and extracted data from the organizations’ annual reports and the Reference Lists of health research in Canada. Two independent reviewers scanned all grant and fellowship/scholarship titles (and summary/key words, when available) of all research projects funded to determine their inclusion in our analysis; only grants and fellowships/scholarships that focused on heart and peripheral vascular diseases were selected.ResultsPublic/charitable sector funding increased 7.5 times, from close to $13 million (in constant dollars) in 1975 to almost $96 million (in constant dollars) in 2005 (base year). The Medical Research Council of Canada (MRCC)/CIHR and the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada have been the main founders of this type of research during our analysis period; the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Quebec have played major roles at the provincial level. The Indirect Costs Research Program and Canada Foundation for Innovation have played major roles in terms of funding in the last years of our analysis.ConclusionPublic/charitable-funded research expenditures devoted to CVD have increased substantially over the last three decades. By international standards, the evidence suggests Canada spends less on health-related research than the UK and the US, at least in absolute terms. However, this may not be too problematic as Canada is likely to free-ride from research undertaken elsewhere. Understanding these past trends in research funding may provide decision makers with important information for planning future research efforts. Future work in this area should include the use of our coding methods to obtain estimates of funded research for other diseases in Canada.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Canada and is a priority area for medical research
There is the possibility that we did not capture all organizations that funded CVD research during our analysis period; given that most federal, provincial, and voluntary agencies reported to the Medical Research Council of Canada (MRCC) [9], we feel that this is not too problematic
In 1975, the H&SF of Canada was the largest funder of CVD research, funding close to 62% of all grants and scholarships/fellowships; the MRCC funded roughly 35% of those research endeavours
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Canada and is a priority area for medical research. In the late 1950s, the Medical Research Council of Canada (MRCC) was created to address the increasing need for additional research funding. It served as an independent body that advised the government on policy and matters relating to medical research and its administration. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) replaced the MRCC in 2000 [4] and had a much broader mandate than its predecessor, supporting a wide spectrum of health research, from basic science to clinical research to health services and population health [5]. By 2005, the CIHR provided roughly 12 percent of all health research funding, making it the largest single funder in Canada [6]
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