Abstract
Mammalian cells must sense and respond to fluctuations in environmental nutrient concentrations to preserve homeostasis.1 A key step in this process is the recruitment of an ancient protein kinase called the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated regulatory complex 1 (mTORC1) to the surface of the endolysosome—an organelle that functions in the degradation and recycling of cellular macromolecules.1 There, the kinase activity of mTORC1 is initiated by its activator, the small GTPase Rheb, which conveys the second set of different stimuli2 (e.g., cellular energy status, oxygen levels, and growth factors; Figure 1a).
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