How motivations for tipping vary with occupational differences in descriptive tipping norms

Abstract

The current study attempts to replicate a previous study in this journal reporting that the effects of tipping motives varied across more and less frequently tipped occupations. Results support most, but not all, of the original findings using different measures and more control variables than those used in the original study. Specific findings include the following: (i) future-service motives are positively related to likelihood of tipping only rarely tipped occupations, (ii) social-esteem motives are negatively related to the likelihood of tipping rarely and occasionally (but not often) tipped occupations, (iii) duty motives are positively related to likelihood of tipping only often tipped occupations, (iv) reciprocity motives are positively related to likelihood of tipping only occasionally and often (but not rarely) tipped occupations, and (v) altruism motives are positively related to likelihood of tipping all occupations, but especially occasionally tipped ones.