Abstract
We investigated how the audience member’s physiological reactions differ as a function of listening context (i.e., live versus recorded music contexts). Thirty-seven audience members were assigned to one of seven pianists’ performances and listened to his/her live performances of six pieces (fast and slow pieces by Bach, Schumann, and Debussy). Approximately 10 weeks after the live performance, each of the audience members returned to the same room and listened to the recorded performances of the same pianists’ via speakers. We recorded the audience members’ electrocardiograms in listening to the performances in both conditions, and analyzed their heart rates and the spectral features of the heart-rate variability (i.e., HF/TF, LF/HF). Results showed that the audience’s heart rate was higher for the faster than the slower piece only in the live condition. As compared with the recorded condition, the audience’s sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) was less while their vagal nervous system (HF/TF) was activated more in the live condition, which appears to suggest that sharing the ongoing musical moments with the pianist reduces the audience’s physiological stress. The results are discussed in terms of the audience’s superior attention and temporal entrainment to live performance.
Highlights
Live music performance offers a special experience that is impossible through speakers or a headphone
We investigated the effect of live performance on the audience’s physiology, not through a video but through a live context
The present results showed that during live performance, the vagal nerve activity (i.e., HF/TF) increased and the sympathovagal balance (i.e., LF/HF) tended to decrease regardless of the piece
Summary
Live music performance offers a special experience that is impossible through speakers or a headphone. This unique experience, often described as “communication” or “interaction”, has been studied empirically. “visual” aspects of live performance, even presented as a video without sound, help the audience differentiate the performer’s intended levels of expressivity [1] and emotions [2, 3], enhancing the observer’s physiological reactions [4]. We investigated the effect of live performance on the audience’s physiology, not through a video but through a live context. We tapped into a biological aspect of a performer-toaudience communication. Since the pioneering study by Krumhansl [5], researchers have investigated the psychophysiological responses in listening to a recorded music, with regard to the listener’s
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