How Is the Effect of Phytogenic Feed Supplementation Tested in Heat Stressed Pigs? Methodological and Sampling Considerations

Ildikó Jócsák,Éva Varga-Visi,Tamás Tóth,Gergő Sudár,György Végvári,János Tossenberger

doi:10.3390/agriculture10070257

Ildikó Jócsák, Éva Varga-Visi + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070257

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Journal: Agriculture	Publication Date: Jul 2, 2020
Citations: 4	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Kapsovar

Abstract

Climate change will lead to increasingly hot summers where the temperature rises above the thermoneutral range of pigs; as a result, they get exposed to heat stress. One of the most damaging consequences of long-lasting heat stress is oxidative stress arising from the increasing level of reactive oxygen species. In order to eliminate oxidative stress, metabolites that are needed for maintaining life and growth may get depleted, which, in chronic cases in particular, negatively affects the economy of meat production. The effect of plant-originated phytogenic feed additives with high antioxidant content may be beneficial to pigs in reducing the effects of oxidative stress induced by heat stress. In this study, a range of methods that assess the effects of phytogenic feed additives on heat stress are reviewed. The main focus is presenting an overview of the investigational possibilities of the antioxidative system and feed uptake and utilization via traditional methods and molecular biological investigations. Furthermore, methodological aspects of sampling are taken into consideration in order to select the best methods for determining the effect of phytogenic feed supplementation on heat-stressed pigs.

Highlights

Climate change poses a major burden to agriculture, especially because of the extreme weather it causes, frequently manifested in alterations in water supply, or excessively hot or cold conditions
Liver heat shock protein HSP27 and HSP90 increased significantly after delivery. These results suggested that oregano essential oil is beneficial in terms of in alleviating transport stress and improving antioxidant activity, similar to vitamin E (VE)
On the basis of the literature review, it can be stated that in the last few years, special attention has been paid to phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) in animal feeding, especially to compensate for transport and heat stress, which have a negative effect on meat quality as well as on the efficiency of production

Summary

Introduction

Climate change poses a major burden to agriculture, especially because of the extreme weather it causes, frequently manifested in alterations in water supply, or excessively hot or cold conditions. Pearce et al [6], who examined parameters of intestinal integrity and metabolism during acute heat-stressed pigs, found that an increase in ileum heat shock protein 70 expression as an indicator of oxidative stress. The elimination of stress-induced ROS strains the metabolism of pigs, similar to in other animals, and depletes the metabolite pools required for the homeostasis of normal life and growth All these initiate a negative economic impact, causing a decrease in the amount of meat and a deterioration in the meat quality that needs to be dealt with. The focus is on the results of physiological and molecular biological research regarding the thermal stress-reducing effects of feed additives of phytogenic origin

Formation and Consequences of HS Induced Oxidative Stress in Pigs

Effect of HS on the Antioxidative System of Pigs

Effect of HS on Related Gene Expression in Pigs

Applications of PFAs in Pig Production

Findings

Conclusions