How important is current physical fitness for future quality of life? Results from an 8-year longitudinal study on older adults.

Abstract

A vast amount of research has focused on the effects of physical fitness (PF) on mortality, with little research evaluating the effects of PF on future expected health related quality of life (HRQoL). To evaluate how current PF influences future HRQoL measured in a prospective 8-year study in older adults. A total of 617 (157 males) older adults (>65y) participated in the study. PF was assessed with the EXERNET battery in 2008-2009 (baseline) and 2016-2017 (follow-up). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire in both evaluations. PF tertiles were developed from baseline PF variables: FIT (highest PF values), REGULAR and UNFIT (lowest PF values) taking into account age and sex. Follow-up HRQoL values were compared to sex and age-specific expected values. Logistic regressions were performed to test differences between PF tertiles regarding future expected quality of life. Linear regressions were developed to test whether baseline PF could predict future HRQoL scores. The FIT group showed higher probabilities of an improved HRQoL when compared to the UNFIT group. All PF variables seemed to be important at some point of the study except upper extremities flexibility. Aerobic endurance was the variable that showed to be significant for most of the HRQoL predictions. PF influences future HRQoL in older adults who accordingly should try to remain fit to maintain an increased age-adjusted HRQoL.