Abstract
In some cases, the conventional C-arm fluoroscopy can barely identify anatomical landmarks such as the dorsal sacral foramen. A fully endoscopic rhizotomy under three-dimensional (3D) provides satisfactory results in the treatment of sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. The workflow of a fully endoscopic rhizotomy under 3D robotic C-arm navigation system is introduced. The presented technique is novel, effective, and safe for the treatment of SI joint pain. The 3D navigation system guides the operator to easily locate the target points for finding the medial branches of L5 and sacral lateral branches from S1, S2, and S3 dorsal foramina under endoscopic visualization.
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