How Hyperprolactinemia Affects Sexual Function in Patients Under Antipsychotic Treatment

Abstract

We aimed to study the relationship between hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and sexual dysfunction (SED) in a sample of patients being prescribed a dose-stable antipsychotic medication, and to evaluate sex differences in the prevalence of HPRL and SED and their relationship. A cross-sectional study was carried out including patients between 18 and 55 years of age with a psychotic spectrum diagnosis who were attending community mental health services or hospitalized in medium and long stay units. Positive and Negative Syndrome scale, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia, Personal and Social Performance scale, and Changes in Sexual Functioning questionnaire-short form were administered. Not later than 3 months, a determination of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen (only in women) and testosterone was performed. A final sample of 101 patients (30 women and 71 men) was recruited. Seventy-two patients (71.3%) showed HPRL. Sexual dysfunction was significantly higher in HPRL patients than in non-HPRL patients (79.17% vs 51.72%) (P = 0.006), and mean prolactin values were significantly higher in case of SED (P = 0.020). No sex differences were found in prevalence of HPRL or SED. Low Personal and Social Performance scale scores and HPRL were factors independently associated with SED, whereas alcohol use was an independent protector factor. In our study, SED was significantly related to HPRL without showing sex differences. Prevalence of HPRL and SED observed was higher than that in previous studies, which should be taken into consideration because these have been associated with higher morbimortality, and noncompliance and relapse, respectively.