How Fast Foods Impact Coronary Artery Disease Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study

Khudayenoor Khudayenoor,Tayyab Mumtaz Khan,Shahrukh Khan,Ayesha Shaheen,Bilal Sharif,Aimen Fatima,Madeeha Mumtaz,Zohaib Saleem,Hafeez Arshad

doi:10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.5.1033

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a very ordinary health problem around the globe. CAD is affected by numerous factors like diabetes, obesity, smoking, gender, and diet. However, the association of CAD with diet is understudied in our region that’s why our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diet on CAD incidence. This cross-sectional study was completed among local population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan in almost 6 months from November 2020 to April 2021. People were taken in our study via set criteria. Data was collected by self-structured proforma. Data analysis was performed by applying IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative variables. Statistical tests like Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were applied to know the association, direction, and strength of study variables. Our current study displays overall high prevalence CAD (17.48%) among study population. Mean value of age for study participants was 45.42 with SD of ±8.01years. Prevalence of CAD was more common among females, faster food eaters and fresh fruit and raw vegetables non-eaters. Gender, fast food, and fresh fruits and vegetables were associated with CHD significantly with p-values 0.030, 0.0007, and 0.0006 respectively. Strength and direction for fast food and CAD association was very strong and positive while for association between fresh fruits and raw vegetables and CAD was very strong and negative with correlation coefficient +0.812 and -0.831 respectively. In a nutshell, current study indicates high prevalence of CAD especially among females, fast food eaters and fresh fruits and raw vegetables non-eaters. Higher consumption of fast foods leads to higher incidence of CAD and vice versa while higher consumption of fresh fruits and raw vegetables bring down the incidence of CAD incidence and vice versa. So, we need to create awareness among people about the impact of food on CAD and gender specific interventions for each gender to lower down the CAD incidence.

Highlights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is very common and third most prevalent killer all over the world [1]
It shows that gender, fast food and fresh fruits and vegetables were associated with CAD
Our study provides very significant information regarding prevalence of CAD among general population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan and how diet influences the incidence of CAD among study population

Summary

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is very common and third most prevalent killer all over the world [1]. Various research that was conducted in different countries like United States of America, Russia, China, and Saudi Arabia have manifested high prevalence of CAD among their respective population [2]-[5]. In Pakistan, prevalence of CAD is high according to a study that was conducted at Karachi [6]. CAD is affected by many factors like gender, age, hypertension (HTN), obesity, diabetes, smoking and diet. Gender difference has been noted in the prevalence of CAD. A study has shown that female suffer more commonly from CAD while other reported higher incidence of CAD among males. Various studies have shown that with increase of age, CAD incidence goes up. HTN, obesity diabetes and smoking known culprits in the causation of CAD [6]-[10]

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Conclusion