How effectively will PCSK9 inhibitors allow retrieval of freedom from apheresis in cardiovascular high risk patients? – Estimates form a large single center

Abstract

Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) has been the last-resort therapeutic option in patients suffering from limited pharmaceutical options to lower highly elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Facing the introduction of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexine type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors, it has been speculated that they might replace LA to a large extend. Given an efficacy of approx. 55–65% to lower LDL-C it is important to analyze whether this might be realistic i) for potential candidates in apheresis sites and ii) for the future structures of the sites themselves.We performed a review of our own single center, one of the largest apheresis centers in Germany to answer these questions. Therefore we analyzed all actively treated apheresis patients and identified those with the primary indication of LDL-C elevation. In a next step we used pre-apheresis LDL-C values to calculate expected LDL-C under three given models of PCSK9 inhibitor efficacy.Including other aspects such as the accompanying presence of elevated lipoprotein(a), we identified 11–17 patients among 29 patients undergoing treatment for insufficiently treated LDL-C (38–58%). In the total cohort of 112 patients this reflects 10–15% of all patients that might potentially stop apheresis therapy due to the availability of PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, which is in clear contrast to speculations on the future perspective of apheresis therapy.