Abstract
Return migrants play an increasingly important role in agricultural production in China and other developing countries. However, the effect of rural–urban migration experience on farmers’ arable land use remains unclear. This study aims to fill this gap using data from a survey of 2293 farmers consisting of 586 return migrants and 1707 non-migrants in China. We employ the treatment effects model to account for the self-selectivity of rural–urban migration experience arising from observable and unobservable factors. The results show that after accounting for the self-selectivity bias, the rural–urban migration experience significantly increases farmers’ arable land use by 22%. Meanwhile, the positive effect of rural–urban migration experience on arable land use differs by farmers’ age group and region. While rural–urban migration experience increases arable land use for farmers aged below 65 years old by 29%, it shows no significant effect on arable land use for farmers aged 65 years old and above. In addition, there is a positive relationship between rural–urban migration experience and arable land use in Shaanxi, Shandong, and Zhejiang. However, there is no significant effect of rural–urban migration experience on arable land use. On such a basis, we discuss several important implications for policies related to arable land use in China.
Highlights
Rural–urban migration has been playing an important role in economic development in China and many other developing countries worldwide [1,2]
This study explores the effect of the rural–urban migration experience on farmers’ arable land use theoretically and empirically
We employ the treatment effects model to account for the self-selectivity of rural–urban migration experience
Summary
Rural–urban migration has been playing an important role in economic development in China and many other developing countries worldwide [1,2]. The impressive expansion of urban sectors has formed a huge labour demand, resulting in the migration of a large number of farmers to urban areas to participate in off-farm work with a relatively higher wage [2,6,7]. Note that the massive migration of farmers from rural to urban areas aggravates the aging of the agricultural labour force, which raises the problem of who farms the land in the future [9,10,11,12]. The majority of farmers migrating to urban areas have to return to their hometown due to the rigid constraint of the dual household registration system (known as hukou) and other factors [2,13]
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