How does mixed-use urbanization affect noise? Empirical research on transit-oriented developments (TODs)

Abstract

Over the last decades, Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) have stimulated various debates in several contexts including environmental and transportation planning. Scholars have explored the TODs’ broad spatial and socioeconomic characteristics; however, very few studies (if at all) have conducted their attributes including mixedland use in regards to noise, particularly when they require such examination. This paper aims to explain and explore TODs’ implications associated with noise by comparing them with non-TODs in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex area. The data include sound pressure levels (SPLs) and various built environment features through TOD stations and surrounding areas compared with non-TOD stations by performing the grid sampling method. Using a unique two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM), the study examines the impacts of TODs on noise both at micro and macro levels. The findings show that with their features TODs generate higher sound levels with almost 9.0 dB(A) difference. The study provides insights into the relationship between noise, land use, and transportation by discussing their practice and policy implications.