How does lateral abdomen deflection contribute to flight control ofDrosophila melanogaster?

Abstract

Tethered flyingDrosophila melanogaster change the posture of their caudal body appendages in response to visual stimuli. In the present paper the relevance of lateral abdomen deflections for flight control is analysed. During abdomen deflections the line of action of the gravitational force is shifted with the fly's centre of mass. The line of action of aerodynamic drag forces is displaced accordingly, because friction is increased on the side of the body to which the abdomen is deflected. These two passive forces, together with the average flight forces generated actively by the wings, induce a yaw moment. In still air, the axis of this torque is tilted about 30° backwards relative to the vertical body axis. It will be called “yaw axis of the flight mechanics”. Two sets of observations support the notion of a combined yaw motor output. (a) The elementary motion detectors mediating the lateral abdomen deflection and the dynamics of the response resemble that of the optomotor response measured as yaw torque or as variation of wing beat amplitudes. (b) The asymmetric directional selectivity of the motion detecting system mediating the abdomen deflection corresponds to the orientation of the yaw axis of the flight mechanics. To explain the asymmetry, a nonlinear transfer characteristic is assumed in the motion detecting system.