How does arch form and interproximal contact size affect the 3D displacements and rotations of teeth: a finite element analysis.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine how arch form and interproximal contact size displace mandibular teeth subjected to an anterior component of force (ACF). Nine finite element models (FEM) of the mandibular arch were developed using Ansys® v. 16.0 software. They were designed to evaluate the effects of three arch forms (triangular, oval, and square) and three contact sizes (point-to-point, 1 mm diameter, and 2 mm diameter). All nine models were subjected to an ACF of 53.8 N (5486 gm). Three-dimensional tooth rotations and displacements of the mandibular teeth were evaluated, from the right first molar to the left first molar. Arch form had a greater effect on tooth movements than contact size. Triangular arches and point-to-point contacts produced the greatest displacements and rotations of teeth. Oval arches with 2 mm wide interproximal contact points showed the greatest stability. The right first premolar showed the greatest displacements in all of the models. Arch form and contact size affect interproximal tooth stability. Teeth are least stable in narrow arches with point-to-point interproximal contacts, and most stable in wider arches with larger contacts.