Abstract
With the popularization and application of conditionally automated driving systems, takeover requirements are becoming more and more frequent, and the subsequent takeover safety problems have attracted attention. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, combined with driving simulation experiments, to study in depth the effects of critical degree and monitor request (MR) 30 s in advance on drivers’ visual behavior, takeover performance and brain activation. Results showed that MR can effectively improve the driver’s visual and takeover performance, including visual reaction times, fixation frequency and duration, takeover time, and takeover mode. The length of the reserved safety distance can significantly affect the distribution of longitudinal acceleration. Critical or non-critical takeover has a significant impact on the change of pupil diameter and the standard deviation of lateral displacement. Five brain regions, including the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), fusiform gyrus (FG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), precuneus and precentral, are activated under the stimulation of a critical takeover scenario, and are related to cognitive behaviors such as visual cognition, distance perception, memory search and movement association.
Highlights
In recent years, automated vehicles have been developed at a fast pace with promising potential to improve road safety, mobility, and provide environmental benefits [1]
Functional magnetic resonance imaging technology combined with the driving simulation experiment was applied to study in depth the effects of critical degree and monitor request (MR) 30 s in advance on drivers’ visual behavior, takeover performance, and brain activation
In order to enable the participant to receive the visual stimulation of the driving scene in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) instrument, the projection board was suspended above the eyes, and the image was projected onto the board through mirror reflection so that the video image appeared in front of the participant’s line of sight
Summary
In recent years, automated vehicles have been developed at a fast pace with promising potential to improve road safety, mobility, and provide environmental benefits [1]. Level 0 refers to the full-time performance by the human driver of all aspects of the dynamic driving task, which means all driving operations are manual. A. Level 3 vehicle is capable of self-control, both longitudinally and laterally; making tactical decisions such as overtaking; monitoring the environment, and alerting the driver if human intervention is required. Whenever a Level 3 vehicle senses a malfunction or encounters a situation beyond the limits of its operational design domain, it issues a Monitoring Request (MR), and the driver will be required to regain manual control. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology combined with the driving simulation experiment was applied to study in depth the effects of critical degree and monitor request (MR) 30 s in advance on drivers’ visual behavior, takeover performance, and brain activation
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